What are skin cancers?
Neoplasms, or skin cancers, represent a heterogeneous group of conditions characterized by the abnormal growth of skin cells. These tumors are mainly caused by harmful agents such as solar radiation, ionizing radiation, and repeated trauma. Skin cancers can be either benign or malignant (skin cancer), the most common of the latter including melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma. To recognize and diagnose skin cancers early, it is essential to check the skin regularly for suspicious changes and consult a dermatologist for professional evaluation. Early diagnosis significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment for malignant skin cancers.
Skin cancers:
MELANOMA
Melanoma is a life-threatening form of skin cancer that originates from melanocytes, the cells that produce the pigment responsible for skin color. Although it is less common than other types of skin cancer, such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma, it is the most dangerous because of its ability to spread rapidly by metastasis to other parts of the body.
What are the causes of melanoma?
The main causes of melanoma are related to exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning lamps. UV damage can alter the DNA of melanocytes, leading to uncontrolled cell growth and tumor formation. Other risk factors include genetic predisposition, the presence of numerous moles or atypical moles, and a personal or family history of melanoma.
How to recognize melanoma?
Recognizing melanoma in its early stages is crucial. The ABCDE rule is a useful tool to self-diagnose possible melanomas: – A (Asymmetry): the asymmetry of the lesion, where one half does not match the other. – B (Borders): irregular, blurred or indented edges. – C (Color): color variation within the same mole, with different shades. – D (Diameter): diameter greater than 6 mm. – E (Evolving): change in shape, size, color or sensation.
Melanoma is a form of skin cancer that requires early diagnosis and treatment. Prevention is essential as is a regular visit to the dermatologist who can perform computerized mapping of moles and identify tumor changes early.
Skin cancers:
BASOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Basal cell carcinoma is the most common type of skin cancer. Originating from the basal cells that make up the deepest layer of the epidermis, this tumor grows slowly and is generally less aggressive than other forms. However, it can cause significant damage to surrounding tissues if not treated promptly.
What are the causes of basal cell carcinoma?
The main cause of basal cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning lamps. People with fair skin, who burn easily, are more susceptible. A personal history of skin cancer, a weakened immune system, and exposure to harmful chemicals may also increase the risk.
How to recognize basal cell carcinoma?
Basal cell carcinoma typically appears as a pearly nodule or shiny papule on the skin, often on the face, neck, or ears. It may also manifest as a flat, reddish, scaly lesion or a white waxy scar. Additional signs include bleeding or scab formation. The lesion may grow slowly over time, becoming ulcerated or forming a depression in the center.
Basal cell carcinoma is a form of skin cancer that, although it grows slowly and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, can cause significant local damage if left untreated. Early diagnosis through regular checkups with the dermatologist is essential for effective treatment, which may include surgical removal or photodynamic therapy.
Skin cancers:
SQUAMOCELLULAR CARCINOMA
Squamous cell carcinoma is one of the most common forms of skin cancer, second in frequency only to basal cell carcinoma. It develops in squamous cells, which make up the superficial layer of the epidermis. This tumor can be more aggressive than basal cell carcinoma and is more likely to spread to other tissues and organs.
What are the causes of squamous cell carcinoma?
The main cause of squamous cell carcinoma is prolonged exposure to ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun or tanning lamps. People with fair skin and genetic predisposition are also more susceptible. Other risk factors include a compromised immune system, a personal or family history of skin cancer, and exposure to carcinogenic chemicals.
How to recognize squamous cell carcinoma?
Squamous cell carcinoma often appears as a red, scaly lesion that may develop a crust or ulcerate. It may also appear as a rough nodule or plaque, often on sun-exposed areas such as the face, ears, scalp, hands, and arms. Additional signs include pain, itching, or a lesion that bleeds easily and does not heal.
Squamous cell carcinoma is a skin cancer that requires early attention, as it can spread to other parts of the body if left untreated. Prevention is key and relies on limiting direct sun exposure. Regular dermatologic examinations are essential for early detection and to undertake effective treatment, which may include surgical removal, radiation therapy, or other targeted therapies.