Irritant contact dermatitis

Irritative contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin due to contact with substances that can stimulate an inflammatory response. Following skin contact with certain substances, an inflammatory, itchy skin reaction characterised by the appearance of blisters develops.

Description

Irritant contact dermatitis is an inflammatory reaction of the skin due to contact with substances, either natural or chemical, that stimulate a sudden inflammatory response. Alongside inflammation, the skin can become itchy and serum-filled blisters can form. Constant itchiness means people will want to scratch the affected area, but this will cause the blisters to break and the serum to congeal on the skin as a sticky crust. Not only this, but scratching will also increase the risk of infection.

Causes

Irritative contact dermatitis can be caused by contact with chemical or natural substances.
The former include acidic, alkaline or caustic substances, including those commonly used in household cleaning. Natural substances that may cause irritation include substances that are released from plants that could cause inflammation when in contact with the skin.

Symptoms

Irritant contact dermatitis generally causes a sudden skin rash characterized by red patches, blisters, scaling, erosions, and scabs. Depending on the individual, the rash will cause a varying degree of itching, heat or burning, prompting the person to want to scratch the area.

Diagnosis

A dermatologic examination is generally sufficient to diagnose irritant contact dermatitis on areas of the body that are exposed to the outdoors (the hands, neck and face). If there is doubt on the diagnosis, epicutaneous allergy tests or patch tests can be performed.

Treatment

To treat many cases of irritant contact dermatitis, apply the aluminum chloride-based Astringent Gel or zinc oxide-based Soothing Cream. In cases of more intense inflammation, corticosteroid creams can be used for a short period.

Prevention

The only prevention against irritant contact dermatitis is to avoid any potentially inflammatory substances. It is advisable to wear gloves and/or protective clothing when using potential irritants, when gardening or when going into clearings or woods, etc.